TYPOGRAPHICAL WORKERS UNION LOCAL NO. 53, the oldest existing trade union in Cleveland, received its charter on 26 July 1860 from the National Typographical Union (later renamed the Intl. Typographical Union鈥擨TU). After an unsuccessful strike in 1865, it disbanded but was reorganized in 1868.
The U.S. COAST GUARD was created in 1915 when the federal government combined the U.S. Revenue Cutter Service and the U.S. Life Saving Service with the Steamboat Inspection Service into one organization. In 1939 the Lighthouse Service was added. The Lighthouse Service started operations in Cleveland in 1829, with the building of the first lighthouse on a bluff at Main and Water (W.
The U.S. COAST GUARD STATION was located on the West Pier at the mouth of the CUYAHOGA RIVER for exactly a century, from 1876-1976. The first government appropriation providing life-saving boats on the Great Lakes was made in 1854, but the U.S. Life-Saving Service was not established until 1876. The Life-Saving Service became the U.S.
The U.S. CUSTOMS SERVICE, CLEVELAND DISTRICT OFFICE, is responsible for enforcing customs and tariff laws and collecting import revenues for the Midwest region. The District Office, located at 55 Erieview Plaza, services Ohio and parts of Indiana, Kentucky, and West Virginia, as well as 200 mi. of Lake Erie Shoreline. In 1986 the Cleveland office had a staff of approx.
The U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE (Cleveland District Office) has regional responsibility to foster and promote domestic and international business. The Cleveland District office (along with Cincinnati, one of 2 in Ohio), located at 600 Superior Ave., assists and supports area firms in developing exporting capabilities by providing business leads and export control advice.
U.S. GENERAL HOSPITAL AT CLEVELAND was a pavilion-style, 320-bed Civil War Army hospital, located on Univ. Hts. (see TREMONT) in Brooklyn Twp. from 1862-65. Construction began on 14 Nov.
The U.S. MARINE HOSPITAL, located on Erie (E. 9th) and Murrison streets, opened in 1852 to provide medical care for sailors in the U.S. Merchant Marine, the Coast Guard, the U.S. Lighthouse, and U.S. veterans. It was part of a network of 26 government-owned hospitals for seamen, authorized by Congress and the president in 1837. U.S.
U.S. SANITARY COMMISSION (Cleveland Branch, see also SOLDIERS' AID SOCIETY OF NORTHERN OHIO) was organized 20 Apr. 1861 to provide aid and medical care for soldiers during the CIVIL WAR.
The U.S. STEEL CORP., a large producer of steel and a major manufacturer of wire and wire products, had 9 divisions of its American Steel & Wire subsidiary in Cleveland at one time. The Cleveland-based firms that eventually became part of U.S. Steel dated back to 1857 when DAVID AND JOHN JONES founded the Jones & Co.
The U.S. SUBMARINE VETERANS OF WORLD WAR II, NORTHEAST OHIO CHAPTER, was founded in 1968 to help preserve the memory of the 3,505 U.S. submarine sailors who died during WORLD WAR II. Chapter members must have served on a U.S. Navy submarine between 7 Dec. 1941 and 31 Dec. 1946. The first president of the Northeast Chapter was Ted Poelking of Cleveland.
The U.S.S. COD (SS 224), named after the world's most popular food fish, is the last fully intact World War II fleet submarine in existence. The Gato-class submarine is docked on Cleveland's lakefront (N. Marginal Rd., between E. 9th and BURKE LAKEFRONT AIRPORT) as a memorial and historical tour.
The U.S.S. MAINE RELIC consists of a porthole cover and section of the base mast from the ill-fated battleship Maine, mounted on a large rock in the triangle at the south end of Washington Blvd. in WASHINGTON PARK in NEWBURGH HTS.
The UKRAINIAN MUSEUM-ARCHIVES, INC., located at 1202 Kenilworth Ave. in TREMONT houses an important collection of material related to Ukrainian history, culture, and immigration. The collection began in 1952 when Leonid Bachynsky, a Ukrainian native living in Cleveland, began collecting almost anything related to the Ukrainian immigrant experience.
UKRAINIANS. The first large groups of Ukrainians arrived in America in the 1870s from the Lemko, Carpatho-Ruthenia, and Galitsian (Halycchyna) regions.
The UNDERGROUND PRESS developed to serve the communication needs of political and cultural radicals in the 1960s and early 1970s. Its salient features were its opposition to the VIETNAM WAR and its promotion of drug use, rock music, and free sexual expression.
The UNION CLUB OF CLEVELAND, located at E. 12th St. and Euclid Ave., is a private organization composed of many of the city's industrialists, businessmen, and professional citizens. One of the oldest social organizations in Cleveland, it was incorporated on 25 Sept. 1872 as the Union Club of Cleveland.
UNION COMMERCE BANK. See HUNTINGTON NATIONAL BANK.
UNION COMMERCE BLDG. See HUNTINGTON BLDG.
UNION DEPOT was the name given to the 2 major railroad stations erected in Cleveland before 1930. Prior to the construction of the first Union Depot in 1853, the railroads serving the city each maintained its own small depot. The first union depot, built at a cost of $75,000, consisted of a group of wooden sheds centrally located at the foot of the hill where Bank (W. 6th) and Water (W. 9th) streets met the lakeshore.
The UNION GOSPEL PRESS BUILDING, located at Jefferson Avenue and West 7th Street in TREMONT, is actually a 175,000-square-foot complex composed of fifteen interconnected buildings and encompassing over two acres.
UNION OF COUNCILS FOR SOVIET JEWRY. See CLEVELAND COUNCIL ON SOVIET ANTI-SEMITISM.
The UNION OF JEWISH ORGANIZATIONS (1906) was the first attempt by East European immigrant Jews to organize a central authority in the community. In 1903 the Fed. of Jewish Charities had been established by the old-line German, largely Reform Cleveland Jewish community. Cultural differences between those of the federation and the East European Jews were great.
The UNION OF POLES IN AMERICA is a fraternal insurance organization created in 1939 by the merger of 2 local Polish Roman Catholic unions.
UNION-MILES NEIGHBORHOOD. Union-Miles is a Cleveland neighborhood and Statistical Planning Area (SPA). Roughly 5 mi. southeast of downtown, Union-Miles is bounded by Miles Ave. on the south, Union Ave. on the north, Broadway Ave. and the Norfolk Southern rail tracks on the west, and an irregular line that stretches as far as E. 154th St. on the east.
The UNITARIAN SOCIETY OF CLEVELAND was formed as a result of the decision by a majority of the members of the First Unitarian Church of Cleveland to move to SHAKER HTS. in 1951. The remaining 317 members voted to stay at E. 82nd St. and Euclid in the inner city. The new group was chartered within 2 months and bought the building from First Church.
UNITARIAN-UNIVERSALISM. The Unitarian and Universalist movements started in England and came to the Cleveland area separately early in the 19th century. Founded as protests against strict Calvinism, the unorthodox Protestant sects advocated freedom of thought and conscience. The American churches began in the East: Unitarianism in New England with the Transcendentalists, and Universalism in Pennsylvania with John Murray.
The UNITED AUTO WORKERS, officially the United Automobile, Aerospace & Agricultural Workers, represented over 60,000 workers in Cleveland by 1986. The UAW was organized nationally in 1934 as a federal union by the craft-oriented AFL, which half-heartedly incorporated the diverse auto industry into its ranks, but did little to organize the workers.
UNITED AUTOMOBILE WORKERS LOCAL 45 at General Motors FISHER BODY plant on Coit Rd. launched the UAW strike in 1937 which culminated in GM's acceptance of the union as the bargaining agent for its workers. Local 45 began as United Automobile Workers Federal Local 18614 affiliated with the AFL, which was dominated by the craft unions.
UNITED BLACK FUND OF GREATER CLEVELAND was founded in 1981 by George W. White to raise and distribute funds to social organizations that served the AFRICAN AMERICAN community of Greater Cleveland.
The UNITED FOOD AND COMMERCIAL WORKERS was formed nationally by the 5 June 1979 merger of the Amalgamated Meat Cutters & Butcher Workmen of America and the Retail Clerks Intl. Assn. The national merger was followed locally by the 5 Sept.
The UNITED FREEDOM MOVEMENT (UFM), established 3 June 1963 in Cleveland, was a coalition of more than 50 civic, fraternal, social, and civil-rights organizations inspired by the southern civil-rights movement.
The UNITED GERMAN SINGERS. Over the years local German singing groups have come together to make collective appearances at special events such as the national SAENGERFESTS held in Cleveland in 1855, 1859, 1874, 1893, 1927, and 1986. They have been referred to in English-language publications as The United German Singers.
The UNITED HUNGARIAN SOCIETIES was formed in 1902, bringing together 12 Hungarian organizations to "coordinate the cultural, charitable and welfare activities of the member societies" and the local Hungarian community. The organization grew out of the Kossuth Statue Committee, formed in 1901 to erect a statue in the patriot's honor (1902).
The UNITED LABOR AGENCY, the direct outgrowth of the Cleveland AFL-CIO community-service department in Cleveland, has operated since 1970 as a labor-based multiservice agency. The agency began in 1968 when contacts between representatives of the community-service department of the Cleveland AFL-CIO and the UNITED WAY revealed the need for kidney dialysis among union members.
UNITED SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR VETERANS. See JOINT VETERANS COMMISSION.
The UNITED STEEL WORKERS OF AMERICA in Cleveland has its roots in the 1870s with the formation of local branches of the Amalgamated Assn. of Iron, Steel & Tin Workers beginning ca. 1877. The amalgamated was involved in the CLEVELAND ROLLING MILL STRIKES of 1882 and 1885 and remained active locally until 1892.
The UNITED TRANSPORTATION UNION was formed in 1969 from 4 railroad unions, the most prominent of which was the Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen, headquartered in Cleveland for most of its history since its founding in 1883 by 8 brakemen of the Delaware & Hudson Railroad in Oneonta, NY.
UNITED UKRAINIAN ORGANIZATIONS, 5566 Pearl Rd., was formed in 1928 to coordinate the social, cultural, and charitable work of the various Ukrainian-American organizations in Cleveland. By 1935 40 local groups were members of the UUO, then located at the Ukrainian Natl. Home on W. 14th St.
UNITED WAY SERVICES of Greater Cleveland, a centralized campaign established with that name in 1977 to raise money for health and human services, evolved from the city's first coordinated fund drives sponsored by the Federation for Charity and Philanthropy (later called the Welfare Federation, see FEDERATION FOR COMMUNITY PLANNING).
The UNITING SYNOD, the first general synod of the United Church of Christ, was held in Cleveland on 25 June 1957. It was at this synod that 2 separate churches, the Evangelical and Reformed Church and Congregational Christian Church, representing some 2.1 million members in 8,311 churches nationwide, formally agreed to union as the United Church of Christ.
The UNIVERSAL NEGRO IMPROVEMENT ASSN.
UNIVERSAL OIL INC., originally 鈥淯nion Oil Company,鈥 was founded by William H. Compton in 1877. First located at West 3rd and Canal Street, Universal Oil manufactured premium fuels and industrial lubricants.
The UNIVERSITY ATHLETIC ASSOCIATION (UAA) is an Athletic Conference that hosts 20 sports, 10 men's and 10 women's, and competes in the NCAA鈥檚 Division III. The men compete in baseball, basketball, cross country, golf, soccer, swimming and diving, tennis, wrestling, and indoor and outdoor track and field. The women compete in all of the same sports, excluding wrestling and baseball but adding volleyball and softball.
UNIVERSITY CIRCLE is a Cleveland neighborhood whose formal and colloquial boundaries are quite different. As a Statistical Planning Area (SPA) identified by the Cleveland Planning Commission, 鈥淯niversity鈥 (not University Circle) is bounded by Wade Park and Ashbury Aves. on the north, E. 105th St. on the west, Overlook Rd. and E. 123rd St. on the east, and Quincy and Mt. Overlook Aves. on the south.
UNIVERSITY CIRCLE, INC. (UCI) is the outgrowth of its predecessor, the Univ. Circle Development Foundation. The UCDF was created in 1957 as the result of a planning study funded by Mrs. Wm. G. Mather (ELIZABETH RING IRELAND MATHER), who was concerned about the need for future collective planning by the Circle's institutions.
The UNIVERSITY CLUB, 3813 Euclid Ave., located in a restored historic Cleveland mansion on "Millionaires Row," is a social club for business and professional men and women. In 1896-97, Drs. Chas. Harris, Samuel Ball Platner, and Abraham Lincoln Fuller, professors at Adelbert College, organized the original Univ. Club as an invitational social club, with membership limited to men having a college degree.