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No)]TJ -9.15374 -1.61112 TD [(Child L)20(eft Behind)]TJ ET Q /GS2 gs /GS1 gs q BT /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 135.9632 292.8347 Tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.029 Tw ((NCLB) established an impressive goal: All)Tj -7.5051 -1.61111 TD [(students will meet high achievement standards by 2)20(0)41(1)41(4. It)]TJ T* (changed the federal government\325s role in K-1)Tj 18.97101 0.00001 TD (2 education by)Tj -18.97101 -1.61112 TD (focusing on school success as measured by student achieve-)Tj T* (ment. It mandates each state to identify learning standards,)Tj 0 -1.61111 TD (implement measures to track success and, by imposing)Tj T* (sanctions on schools and districts that fare poorly)Tj 20.56753 0.00001 TD (, holds)Tj -20.56753 -1.61112 TD (every school accountable for making \322adequate yearly)Tj 0 -1.61111 TD 0 Tw (prog)Tj 1.87568 0 TD (ress.)Tj 1.7309 0.00001 TD 0.029 Tw (\323 T)Tj 1.15514 0.00001 TD (his action has dramatically expanded the role of)Tj -4.76172 -1.61113 TD (standardized testing in public education, requiring that stu-)Tj 27.19816 41.61111 TD [(dents in g)-21(rades three through eight be tested every year in)]TJ 0 -1.61112 TD (reading and math. )Tj 0 -2.94445 TD (Since the implementation of )Tj ET Q /GS2 gs /GS1 gs q BT /F3 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 423.2044 495.8346 Tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.029 Tw [(No Child L)20(eft Behind,)]TJ ET Q /GS2 gs /GS1 gs q BT /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 506.5802 495.8346 Tm 0 0 0 1 k (students)Tj -21.48661 -1.61111 TD 0.029 Tw (in Ohio have made gains in academic achievement. 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One approach is being implemented in rural Ohio and)Tj T* [(studied by researchers at Case W)20(estern Reserve University)40(.)]TJ ET Q /GS2 gs /GS1 gs q BT /F4 1 Tf 9.5 0 0 9.5 36.9173 671.8868 Tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.026 Tw [(Policy Brief 4 | Mar)40(ch 2007)]TJ ET Q /GS2 gs /GS1 gs q BT /F5 1 Tf 9.5 0 0 9.5 396.3206 671.8868 Tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.026 Tw [(A Series of Resear)20(ch and Policy Publications of)]TJ 3.32681 -1.26316 TD (The Schubert Center for Child Studies)Tj 4.11657 -1.26316 TD (College of Arts and Sciences)Tj -1.78021 -1.26316 TD [(Case W)85(ester)-12(n Reser)-10(ve University)]TJ ET 0.5 w /CS0 CS 1 SCN 576 36.5 m 36 36.5 l S 576 112.4999 m 36 112.4999 l S Q /GS2 gs /GS1 gs q BT /F6 1 Tf 6.141 0 0 6.141 37 93.3561 Tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.087 Tc (TH)Tj 1.44556 0.00001 TD 0.029 Tw (E S)Tj 1.6873 0.00001 TD 0 Tw (CH)Tj 1.52833 0.00001 TD 0.029 Tw [(U)-21(B)-22(ERT CENTER FOR CH)-21(I)-21(LD S)19(TU)-20(DI)-22(E)20(S)]TJ ET Q /GS2 gs /GS1 gs q BT /F2 1 Tf 7.1 0 0 7.1 186.5357 93.3561 Tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.012 Tc 0.029 Tw (in the College of Ar)Tj 8.37111 0.00001 TD (ts and Sciences at Case W)Tj 11.33673 0.00001 TD (estern Reserve University promotes multidisciplinary research on children and)Tj -40.76921 -1.39909 TD [(childhood. 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All Rights Reserved.Adobe Garamond is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.Adobe Garamond Small Caps & Oldstyle FiguresAdobe Garamond$${(F֋{(n֋ ב  yXO  endstream endobj 71 0 obj << /FontFile3 70 0 R /StemV 76 /XHeight 676 /Type/FontDescriptor /Ascent 715 /Descent -255 /FontName/HZADKF+AGaramond-RegularSC /Flags 34 /CapHeight 660 /StemH 0 /FontBBox[-183 -269 1099 851] /ItalicAngle 0 >> endobj 72 0 obj << /Subtype/Type1 /Encoding 69 0 R /Name/F12 /Type/Font /Widths[250] /FirstChar 32 /FontDescriptor 71 0 R /BaseFont/HZADKF+AGaramond-RegularSC /LastChar 32 >> endobj 73 0 obj << /Type/Encoding /Differences[32/space] /BaseEncoding/MacRomanEncoding >> endobj 74 0 obj << /Subtype/Type1C /Length 383 /Length1 383 >> stream USSPHM+LaFigura@"P      1998 [T-26] a digital type foundry 1110 N. 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Berthold AG.Formata RegularFormata|V\$y  Ԕ z  endstream endobj 79 0 obj << /FontFile3 78 0 R /StemV 105 /XHeight 798 /Type/FontDescriptor /Ascent 774 /Descent -241 /FontName/FCBPXX+Formata-Regular /Flags 34 /CapHeight 706 /StemH 0 /FontBBox[-115 -250 1285 960] /ItalicAngle 0 >> endobj 80 0 obj << /Subtype/Type1 /Encoding 77 0 R /Name/F14 /Type/Font /Widths[292] /FirstChar 32 /FontDescriptor 79 0 R /BaseFont/FCBPXX+Formata-Regular /LastChar 32 >> endobj 81 0 obj << /Type/Encoding /Differences[32/space] /BaseEncoding/MacRomanEncoding >> endobj 82 0 obj << /Subtype/Type1C /Length 310 /Length1 310 >> stream BNHQSE+StoneSans-SemiboldAG}^     y Copyright (c) 1987 Adobe Systems Incorporated. All rights reserved.Stone is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.Stone Sans SemiboldStoneSans$PhD/ endstream endobj 83 0 obj << /FontFile3 82 0 R /StemV 0 /XHeight 747 /Type/FontDescriptor /Ascent 735 /Descent -250 /FontName/BNHQSE+StoneSans-Semibold /Flags 34 /CapHeight 700 /StemH 0 /FontBBox[-179 -250 1405 970] /ItalicAngle 0 >> endobj 84 0 obj << /Subtype/Type1 /Encoding 81 0 R /Name/F15 /Type/Font /Widths[287] /FirstChar 32 /FontDescriptor 83 0 R /BaseFont/BNHQSE+StoneSans-Semibold /LastChar 32 >> endobj 85 0 obj << /Type/Encoding /Differences[32/space] /BaseEncoding/MacRomanEncoding >> endobj 86 0 obj << /Subtype/Type1C /Length 342 /Length1 342 >> stream YCEPQC+Berkeley-Italic@   $!'3Copyright (c) 1989 Adobe Systems Incorporated. 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Berthold AG.Formata RegularFormataD%S&JD#FUOHTEIPNGVB MWQ)C640KZ$3X5'[Y,1"o*/87:+-.(;L F.1Md}!C  g ( s q O YLPkXM77hjoZ!$[}  !!r!"5"#9#nʼn )6‹Ë68$ '@9$@:抡K*܋YL#jTZz_N-ѝvvwX9~6rKkaseQb4.F?XÈƋ󋷴9<^VzzzyyzĎvᆒb4ℒil+ꊧYee狨icLdY+<KU<iRW$ww+wMωNY|`PgS]V4YWw{y~}~T J|xahG=>޳|sq]J/+ 30+Ѳruڂ< ۨ5gjtafYLPplwWU"\e`0][ Ypa[y{dN@xɋiyqpj{jrvajF1Gq~uyf|omnlRbi80RmT<0NB-88^/e ͱËtTtu}<{vYԙĊNRaԌ]}^،xxxvuvj~ukkp snWʋHMwy  Ɋ~vqplr3M_qy\YH64AUS؄ BNjċ?v.ZZZlI4dBn;豀g߅ՀCuRrww{T'/[|nlnNMprdyl^dlYbB6C)4-ooq_ycd|Ҏ0cHNvvWww$QOpvW,BIaf]F,"ԋWf;ЇՋ/^X"}fkNWjyv{䯺͍8mHMwwz‹ߊ ΋p^vtt7Lbkv^{[^n3777T1D Bm]utt WVWjH~]_HG'QbonHH)ej%FjiыƜvHt^nT[fwvy<ŦÍËql_HrvvQ~wwmm]LP$RcgÈ?ƜckprYL1gъӈ»âh`tuL:08g劧኱\oaf-AUys}n5=SdrhWOnpXvvKF݂&畉kVu4΋tl~|otyYI}wmio_yV!"jHVvz]]JoQ]UxsajP&嵊o\\U{#M=6Wr݋xa܌ҍWv]`X„vCAPQ~wSv]̋xy{xpzHv`(G׸xg̊$;giM,9+CN U[8~Toij$wwLoYZ(T1DTvwg?><d\ibjdYBgb'b(f(ZZ;=>ŎÌHvvv w&mG^ZE/PPP%LN鉥 g/!2=[ew{u&ŊK#?7z~Ѡvi}^USUknŝvv|VCʎZUMuR\a/JoW݌[XO[ÊX)|ŽֈΌRٹ$ |ÏH wwEϐً1*@]kx~Ä"v'BD)HM-*~onhJLwUmkSO6l|  Yc]'=RuaAeZVTN܊'G(?[gVVqqpK;sW}kn]D's턦Лđqu*vvUp>>>CChh䎕`V% pŽLJ䋛ᙋ?vvt䄒tI'iƍlFFNL"Q?t- iۃ(.G55&ЈBx<ojˎX+ j?Ș Tvv[p]jY$cXrX{S-dzkΆ\xY;;9\B(h\ MKKŏ]GYVS^JCm.YUF?\X;3:595\׌|H mۛ{\kT[NNivz&ˌ݋X? 3ӋI7;MC 6Zy7JQYX{_**+VN݋T@ڎŝvv ْ N6c^Ft1oIEGRM,+,N2"""NǏuvӁ^نa]cfUh=<:tE~?y&}B7OBZSv1hЏԓ,CBn'X͕Hv\[o"n"n#p24OryYSzRpӐQwwwwiߑӊȐЅĉb[iCE T(EF%xxwxxx/~~v[Qх,Iݲ拖hVza0x\v^|r}{xyl?vwpfmOXU;6.C :pPF`vv׎wR4YFB|Tc5(LwzyۄLyB3F wvwTً GK{# j)l{zzTĐؗ% e-D!hL~|{|| d \UfO>@tmY559⏯dvoGV &1SMd.4V;sΘnjۏHDZs\?T7ABMJy>RklkB8Pjpyw(ERngi}Юҵl~ŋa-0PZF*[؉HvHJ_`K O}D@]R6jnƌrFs8ӊ'sHd544ԭF,AXytj`mnZQ-i|l~3g!(>̗rmgt&ew?#>\ĶسY_D[Q12XÿQE݃}"k6JůɆЊicE%$%mj'cBB?!*vww*s-☛UqmVBQGRFcX]/XMWVW'DKM%2kW c-(WH&t?dp/v2 2Klrva-)H%z?13.t2K L\jp~~`f]Wzzyzyz"]WzzzyyzĎHEK`fuڗ˜֔Ə˂cvkggbb,4$; ˿on_gvKFhq~liCayqbZpRARXHvv߈w~X<Dg|tlS-'UhěA99vGZWY7u7u8|V\$y  Ԕ z  endstream endobj 99 0 obj << /FontFile3 98 0 R /StemV 105 /XHeight 798 /Type/FontDescriptor /Ascent 774 /Descent -241 /FontName/LTZPSI+Formata-Regular /Flags 34 /CapHeight 706 /StemH 0 /FontBBox[-115 -250 1285 960] /ItalicAngle 0 >> endobj 100 0 obj << /Subtype/Type1 /Encoding 97 0 R /Name/F19 /Type/Font /Widths[292 0 0 0 479 0 0 0 396 396 0 0 229 333 229 0 583 583 583 0 583 583 583 583 583 583 271 0 0 0 0 0 0 604 625 625 708 542 479 688 708 271 333 604 479 854 708 750 583 0 604 542 500 688 583 875 0 542 521 0 0 0 0 0 0 521 583 458 583 542 292 521 583 250 250 500 250 896 583 583 583 0 333 437 313 583 458 792 458 458 437 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 521 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 583 0 0 0 0 229] /FirstChar 32 /FontDescriptor 99 0 R /BaseFont/LTZPSI+Formata-Regular /LastChar 213 >> endobj 101 0 obj << /Type/Encoding /Differences[32/space 65/A 67/C 69/E/F 72/H/I 78/N/O 82/R/S/T/U/V/W 89/Y] /BaseEncoding/MacRomanEncoding >> endobj 102 0 obj << /Subtype/Type1C /Length 1296 /Length1 1296 >> stream NXAJOI+StoneSans-SemiboldAG}^    +y Copyright (c) 1987 Adobe Systems Incorporated. All rights reserved.Stone is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.Stone Sans SemiboldStoneSans'0$64/3&")587*:+^ad!Ul$"vz!^P P!zzz~*"*k7eX(0]](0Xe7k'W W'* &[GB,;Sb-4֢dfwY|U:3$vyw!P@S.R:EG.`0 c&-%%ujK;,?-.`T_X>ݱϳ;[uԋ2-9Zƴ汹vPPPH34$PI45v!M!tñ> endobj 104 0 obj << /Subtype/Type1 /Encoding 101 0 R /Name/F20 /Type/Font /Widths[287 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 667 0 671 0 542 508 0 741 307 0 0 0 0 783 788 0 0 611 556 593 722 657 995 0 630] /FirstChar 32 /FontDescriptor 103 0 R /BaseFont/NXAJOI+StoneSans-Semibold /LastChar 89 >> endobj 105 0 obj << /Type/Encoding /Differences[32/space 51/three 98/b/c 101/e/f 105/i 108/l 111/o/p 114/r 121/y] /BaseEncoding/MacRomanEncoding >> endobj 106 0 obj << /Subtype/Type1C /Length 1551 /Length1 1551 >> stream HSKVHM+Berkeley-Italic@   %!>Copyright (c) 1989 Adobe Systems Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.ITC Berkeley Oldstyle is a trademark of International Typeface Corporation.ITC Berkeley Oldstyle ItalicBerkeley QPMJDZCSFG DfiE'$=h ܆OP~EmV8@y͢,tpEdrpz<{=-8v@(7G#Dkʐͥq>yhYOx(x4L !AY3 !AܤBҖ0U6iBDv'wwـH~Lz{ Mq5-gϙzet|Ě%(fdtudtgϙzet|DËq>yhYvmpknw{x iiXpZB| uzQv'4-LӬ=wwЬ'kIK.Ctx|rxvvn_v>xh[P.V(0sf0dއKpP]$OWww .~J\bh703p?=C&Im ffyhYxB`־ᨓpsy}}=$.춴{v{oa'#0!0?ԲekXfXCx#=2͓{zayJ2wBKptv4egw3~xq|{zq|@Zm*x@Tc'+/ ~~scz{x`i"H4pҥJDCCj^SsŮbS7LS5u{ 7  endstream endobj 107 0 obj << /FontFile3 106 0 R /StemV 81 /XHeight 712 /Type/FontDescriptor /Ascent 705 /Descent -248 /FontName/HSKVHM+Berkeley-Italic /Flags 98 /CapHeight 635 /StemH 0 /FontBBox[-130 -260 1019 839] /ItalicAngle -8 >> endobj 108 0 obj << /Subtype/Type1 /Encoding 105 0 R /Name/F21 /Type/Font /Widths[250 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 500 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 463 407 0 407 278 0 0 278 0 0 278 0 0 463 481 0 389 0 0 0 0 0 0 481] /FirstChar 32 /FontDescriptor 107 0 R /BaseFont/HSKVHM+Berkeley-Italic /LastChar 121 >> endobj 109 0 obj << /Type/Encoding /Differences[32/space 45/hyphen/period 58/colon 65/A/B/C 69/E/F 76/L 82/R 87/W 97/a/b/c/d/e/f/g/h/i/j/k/l/m/n/o 114/r/s/t/u/v/w 121/y] /BaseEncoding/MacRomanEncoding >> endobj 110 0 obj << /Subtype/Type1C /Length 4298 /Length1 4298 >> stream EDYZPD+Formata-ItalicAVL   9n|Copyright (c) 1991 Adobe Systems Incorporated. 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